基于水力发电厂通信光缆的DAS在线监测技术及其“通感一体化”应用研究

摘要

针对水力发电厂关键设施分布范围广、传统点式监测覆盖不足以及复杂环境下安全感知需求提升等问题，提出一种基于既有通信光缆的分布式声波传感通感一体化在线监测方法。该方法利用波分复用技术实现通信业务与传感业务共纤传输，并基于相位敏感光时域反射原理对光纤沿线振动信号进行解调。结合时频分析和特征提取算法，分别开展水轮发电机组振动状态监测、库区边坡滑坡与落石预警以及地下电缆隧道安全防护等场景应用。现场测试结果表明，该系统能够在不影响原通信链路运行的条件下实现连续分布式感知，可有效识别典型振动事件，为智能水电厂安全运行监测提供新的技术途径。

Abstract

To address the problems of wide distribution of critical facilities in hydropower plants, insufficient coverage of traditional point-based monitoring, and increasing safety perception requirements in complex environments, this paper proposes an online monitoring method based on distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) using existing communication optical fibers, with integrated sensing and communication. The method employs wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) to enable co-transmission of communication and sensing services on the same fiber, and demodulates vibration signals along the fiber based on the phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (Φ-OTDR) principle. Combined with time-frequency analysis and feature extraction algorithms, the method is applied to scenarios including vibration condition monitoring of hydro-turbine generator units, early warning of landslide and rockfall in reservoir slope areas, and safety protection of underground cable tunnels. Field test results demonstrate that the system can achieve continuous distributed perception without affecting the normal operation of the original communication link, and can effectively identify typical vibration events, thus providing a new technical approach for safe operation monitoring of smart hydropower plants.