用于电动汽车快速高效充电的混合储能系统

摘要

电动汽车的快速普及，要求充电方案既高效又快捷，以满足不断增长的能源需求。本文提出一种混合储能系统（HESS），用以提升电动汽车的充电性能。该系统把电池与超级电容器结合起来，利用二者互补的特性来优化能量的存储与释放。所针对的核心问题，是传统电动汽车充电设施效率偏低、充电耗时过长。本文设计了一套动态控制策略来调度电池与超级电容器之间的功率流动，可显著缩短充电时间并提高系统效率。这一思路有助于缩小电池体积、改善电能质量；实物装置采用三节 18650 锂离子电池与四只大容量超级电容器。MATLAB/Simulink 与 Proteus 的仿真表明，储能系统本身充满约需 57 分钟，为电动汽车电池充满电约需 4.74 小时，优于传统方式。本文对面向电动汽车的混合储能系统的设计与实现有所贡献，可同时满足高效与快速充电的需要。

Abstract

The rapid adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) necessitates efficient and fast charging solutions to meet growing energy demands. This study introduces a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) designed to enhance EV charging performance. By integrating batteries and supercapacitors, the HESS leverages their complementary characteristics, optimizing energy storage and delivery. The primary problem addressed is the inefficiency and prolonged charging times of conventional EV charging infrastructure. A dynamic control strategy manages power flow between batteries and supercapacitors, significantly reducing charging times and improving system efficiency. This approach reduces battery size and optimizes power quality, utilizing a device with three 18650 lithium-ion batteries and four high-capacity supercapacitors. Simulations using MATLAB/Simulink and Proteus software demonstrate a charging time of 57 minutes for the storage system and 4.74 hours for a full EV battery charge, outperforming traditional methods. This project contributes to the design and implementation of a HESS for EVs, facilitating both efficient and fast charging capabilities.