骑行动移力：瑞典弱势社区骑行的条件、负重与减负

摘要

在当下瑞典的规划与政策话语中，骑行被视为城市环境中高效的通勤方式，也是推进交通可持续转型的关键一环。在瑞典，骑行在较富裕人群中更为普遍，而关于低收入地区骑行状况的研究（除少数例外）十分匮乏。既然骑行基础设施相对完善、自行车又是成本较低的出行方式，人们本可以预期弱势社区的骑行率会更高。要让促进包容性骑行的政策真正落地，就必须理解究竟是什么让不同群体“骑得起、骑得成”。本文以居住在瑞典社会弱势且族裔多元社区的 31 个家庭的日常骑行经验为基础，提供可为政策提供依据的骑行质性图景。研究借用城市社会学的核心概念来分析个体的骑行条件。研究发现，尽管骑行可被视为一种实用、社交性强且灵活的出行方式（对年轻人尤其如此），受访样本中只有少数成年人真正骑车。结果反映出人们对把骑行纳入日常出行抱有矛盾心态：骑行被感知为“典型的瑞典做法”，是一种受年龄、性别以及身体相关的负重与减负所制约的规范，且难以与日常照护与工作责任相协调。偏好方式与实际使用方式之间的落差意味着尚未释放的骑行潜力；这一发现提示，促进骑行的政策需要更多关注更广义的社会公正视角，以便（同样）支持弱势社区中的骑行。

Abstract

In current Swedish planning and policy discourse, cycling is seen as an efficient way to commute in urban environments and a key component in advancing more sustainable transport. In Sweden, cycling is more prevalent among the more affluent population, but there is (with some exceptions) little knowledge on cycling in low-income areas. Given that well-developed cycling infrastructure is available and that bicycling is a comparably low-cost transport mode, higher rates of cycling in disadvantaged neighbourhoods could be expected. For policies that increase inclusive cycling to be implemented, there is a need to understand what makes cycling achievable for diverse groups. Based on the everyday cycling experiences of 31 families living in socially disadvantaged and ethnically diverse neighbourhoods in Sweden, this paper provides qualitative accounts of cycling, knowledge that can inform policy. Key concepts from urban sociology are used to analyse a person's conditions for cycling. Our findings suggest that while cycling could be considered a practical, social, and flexible mode of transport, especially for younger people, only a few adults in our sample cycled. The results reflect an ambivalence toward cycling as part of everyday mobility. Cycling was perceived as something “typically Swedish”, a norm conditioned by age, gender, and body related weights and reliefs and hard to combine with everyday care- and work responsibilities. The gap between preferred and used mode implies an untapped cycling potential, a finding that suggests that pro cycling policies need to pay increased attention to broader social justice perspectives to support cycling (also) in disadvantaged neighbourhoods.