为主动交通倡议增添文化视角：毛利与太平洋岛裔青少年对上学出行方式的看法

摘要

在新西兰／奥特亚罗瓦，政府政策导向与社区支持都要求把健康公平置于研究与健康促进的核心位置，具有文化回应性的政策与服务已成为社会期待。本研究的目的在于描述毛利与太平洋岛裔青少年对不同上学出行方式（步行、骑行、乘公交与被接送／自驾）的看法，而非沿用常见的缺陷视角去比较不同族裔群体之间的差异。以这种方式报告研究结果，是为了让主动方式上学的政策与倡议能够被纳入公平的考量框架。本研究分析了新西兰达尼丁市 BEATS 研究项目中 3608 名 13—18 岁青少年在校完成的在线问卷数据，并另行开展了四场毛利与太平洋岛裔青少年焦点小组访谈。结果显示，各族裔群体的青少年对步行、骑行、被接送／自驾与乘公交上学的看法高度相似。这种相似性意味着，只要辅以高质量且贯穿始终的文化回应性以支撑毛利与太平洋岛裔青少年的公平诉求，面向全人群的整体性政策路径即已足够。本研究同时报告了毛利青少年与太平洋岛裔青少年各自的特有发现，可供政策制定者在主动交通领域考量更细致的文化差异。

Abstract

In Aotearoa/New Zealand, there is government directive and community support to focus on health equity in research and health promotion. Culturally responsive policies and services are expected. The purpose of this research is to describe Maori and Pacific adolescents' perceptions of different modes of transport to school (walking, cycling, busing and being driven/driving) rather than to compare perceptions between different ethnic groups through a deficit lens which is commonplace. Reporting findings in this way is so that equitable approaches to policy, and initiatives for active transportation to school can be considered. This study analysed data from adolescents (age 13 to 18 years) (n = 3608) who completed an online survey at school as part of the BEATS Research Programme in the city of Dunedin, New Zealand. In addition, four focus groups were conducted with Maori and Pacific adolescents. Overwhelmingly, adolescents across all ethnic groups had similar perceptions of walking, cycling, being driven/driving and busing to school. This similarity means that a whole of population approach to policy would be sufficient when combined with good quality overarching cultural responsiveness imbedded to support equity for Maori and Pacific adolescents. Findings specific to Maori and to Pacific adolescents are reported which will enable policy makers to consider additional cultural nuances in the active transport space.