体育领域雇佣关系的特殊性：来自国别语境的启示

摘要

体育领域的雇佣关系由国家立法、国际标准以及公共部门与体育运动组织之间的关系共同塑造。体育生态系统是一种在公共利益与体育日益商业化之间寻求平衡的特殊组织与治理结构。鉴于这一特殊性，本文旨在考察体育领域的劳动关系，重点分析界定职业运动员权利与义务的法律框架与制度环境。研究识别出的核心挑战在于“纸面之法”与“行动之法”之间的落差，尤其是体育专门规则与劳动法条款之间的衔接问题。研究结果表明，有必要协同推进体育运动组织的系统性治理改革，使其与法律体系保持一致，并确保法律得到切实实施。

Abstract

Employment relations in sports are shaped by the interplay of national legislation, international standards, and relations between the public sector and the sports movement. The sports ecosystem represents a specific organizational and governing structure balancing public interest and the growing commercialization of sports. Given the specificity, this paper aims to explore labor relations, focusing on the legal framework and institutional environment that define the rights and obligations of professional athletes in particular. The key challenges identified include the gap between law-on-the-book versus law-in-action, especially the alignment of sports-specific regulations with labor-related provisions. The results suggest the need for a concerted effort to engage in systematic governance reforms of the sports movement, to provide compliance with the legal system, and to ensure its application.