中国传统村落的住居空心化及其驱动机制：以安徽省温塘村为例

摘要

本研究以中国安徽省祁门县温塘村为对象，考察传统民居的空置状况，并探讨村落空心化现象背后的驱动机制。通过田野调查、访谈与数据分析，研究发现温塘村传统民居的空置率高达73%，而新建住宅的空置率仅为18.4%。研究表明，村落的空心化由城镇化、农业生产方式转变以及家庭结构变迁等多重因素共同驱动。研究认为，村民经历了由传统民居迁往新建住宅、进而迁往城镇住宅的阶段性迁移过程；伴随这一过程的是城乡联系的日益紧密与农业活动的持续衰退，二者共同推动农村劳动力向非农就业转移。

Abstract

This study investigates the vacancy of traditional dwellings in Wentang Village, Qimen County, Anhui Province, China, and explores the underlying mechanisms driving the phenomenon of hollowing out. Through field surveys, interviews, and data analysis, the study reveals that the vacancy rate of traditional dwellings in Wentang Village is as high as 73%, compared to a significantly lower rate of 18.4% for newly built houses. The findings indicate that the hollowing out of the village is driven by factors such as urbanization, shifts in agricultural production methods, and changes in family structures. The study concludes that residents have experienced a phased migration from traditional dwellings to newly built houses and subsequently to urban residences. This transition is accompanied by increasing connections between villages and cities, as well as a decline in agricultural activities, which is pushing rural labor towards non-agricultural employment.